This region, thanks to its large coal output, had ever since 1871 been in close relations with the coal-mines of Metz and Thionville. Intermittent mining in the 18th and 19th centuries. The big metallurgical establishments of Lorraine were largely dependent upon coal from the Valley of the Saar, from which the new French frontier would have cut them off, to the detriment of the economic development of both countries.
Richard Cavendish remembers January 13th 1935. pits) and an overall mining claim of 85 sqkm. All the mines are worked for France, with the exception of that of Frankenholz, which was left in the hands of the company which previously owned it. Please email digital@historytoday.com if you have any problems. This could not have been effected had the district remained under the authority of the German Government. On the other hand, France had been deprived of a large portion of her output by the destruction of her northern coalfields, a situation which had as far as possible to be remedied by Germany. For the 1935 status referendum, Social Democrats and Communists suggested, unsuccessfully, that the voters should decide in favour of a continued status quo. Men and women over 20 years of age have the right to vote for the local assemblies. Description. of the Treaty deals with the Saar Valley. Saarbruck is at the junction of the Metz-Mayence and Strassburg-Treves-Cologne line, and is also on a direct line towards Ludwigshafen and the Rhine, as well as in connexion with a number of minor or local railways. Detailed information about the coin 50 centimes Mines Domaniales de la Sarre (type 1920), Saar, with pictures and collection and swap management : mintage, descriptions, metal, weight, size, value and other numismatic data The Peace Treaty did not intend to prolong this state of affairs indefinitely without giving the inhabitants of the Saar an opportunity of expressing and obtaining the fulfilment of their wishes in the matter. If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in.
Millennium 1 and Millennium 2. These powers, for the use of which the commission is responsible to the League of Nations, are subject to several restrictions. There is no waterway towards the Moselle.
However, as most of the region's population was German, the mandate was unpopular.
Weltkrieg", on: "Saarland: Heads of Administration: 1920–1935", "Die Anfänge der Sozialdemokratie an der Saar", "Nansen International Office for Refugees", Saarland in the page about Germany on WorldStatesmen.org, Part III - Political Clauses for Europe, Treaty of Versailles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territory_of_the_Saar_Basin&oldid=980764104, States and territories established in 1920, States and territories disestablished in 1935, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 September 2020, at 09:21. The shape of ‘The Polygon’ itself vaguely resembles the supporting structures that have been used in underground mining. This commission is appointed yearly by the League of Nations, which may renew expiring mandates.
Saar-Warndt coal mining basin is an area of Germany and France which has been shaped by two centuries of coal extraction from the start of the 19th century to the start of 21st century; and it represents a significant period in the history of European industrialisation. 2 x 1,700tph Stackers onto 250,000 tonne stock pile. [7] According to paragraph 23 of the Versailles Treaty the Governing Commission had to establish an assembly of elected representatives of the inhabitants of the Saar Territory in such a manner as the Governing Commission would determine itself. Since the Armistice French capital has been largely invested in the metal industries of the Saar and metal workers and miners receive their wages in francs. Initially, the occupation was under the auspices of the Treaty of Versailles. 1556332. Abstract Coal mining in the Lorraine-Saar basin started in the nineteenth century. Kohlwald Mine, Wiebelskirchen, Neunkirchen, Saarland, Germany : Old coal mine. Articles 45 to 50 lay down the frontiers of the Saar territory, and state the general principles adopted. Metallurgical industry is highly developed, and there are no less than 31 blast-furnaces and many steel plants.
The mines of the Saar and the Ruhr regions of Germany played a crucial role in the industrialisation of Germany, but are no longer as important as they once were. Designed by Berlin architect Katja Pfeiffer and Oliver Sachse, the walk-in monument consist of two slanting towers connected by a bridge. Paragraph 23, Chapter II, Annex to Article 45–50, Treaty of Versailles.
2005. It is presided over by one of its number, appointed by the League of Nations. The population is very unevenly distributed. On 28 September 1944, Reich Commissioner Josef Bürckel died, and was succeeded by Willi Stöhr until 21 March 1945, when the region was conquered by troops of the United States Army, which handed over the occupation to French forces in July the same year.[12]. Commissioned. The stipulations of the Treaty of Peace, in placing the territory under the authority of a government independent both of France and of Germany, were peculiarly calculated to assist the economic development of the region.
There is therefore but a small middle class and a backward intellectual and artistic development. © Copyright 2020 History Today Ltd. Company no. Under a League of Nations mandate of 1920 the Saar region was to be governed for 15 years by a commission appointed by the League, while control of the coal mines was given to the French, who pocketed the proceeds as part of their reparations.
[9] Its members did not enjoy immunity. For the French protectorate established after World War II, see, Map of the Territory of the Saar Basin (purple), Government-appointed presidents of the Regional Council, Article 45-50 with Annex, Treaty of Versailles, The extent of the territory is specified in Article 48, Treaty of Versailles. Cf. of Part III. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. On June 2012, the last of the coal mines operating in the Saarland region in west Germany closed, marking the end of a 250-year history of mining in the region. On the S. and the W. there is the French frontier, from Hornbach, S. of Deuxponts, to Ritzing, W. of Merzich (Merzig). The price was to be fixed by experts and to be payable in gold.
France has become sole owner of all the fields and of all mining concessions. Due to its exposed location, the polygon is visible from all around the valley.
Shafts Anna I-IV are known. Due to the extreme tremors in the Saarland, the subsidised coal mining of Saar coalfields will be phased out by 2012.
Voting was to be taken by commune or by district, and it would therefore be possible to take into account the various votes of different portions of the territory. The river Saar comes into contact with the territory at Sarrequemines, and forms the French frontier to a point j ust above Saarbruck. It is sparse in the farm and forest lands. Saar-Warndt coal mining basin is an area of Germany and France which has been shaped by two centuries of coal extraction from the start of the 19th century to the start of 21st century; and it represents a significant period in the history of European industrialisation. Millennium Coal Mine QLD, Australia.
The chief towns in the Bavarian portion of the territory are St. Ingbert (19,00o), Homburg and Blieskastel. When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany, some of his opponents took refuge in the Saar, where they campaigned for the area to remain under the League, but the great majority of the people living there were Germans and there was rooted hostility to France.
Currently, the mine is extracting coal from the Wahlschied seam. A referendum was held on 23 October 1955 which ended French rule and influence. Paragraph 16-17, Chapter II, Annex to Article 45-50, Treaty of Versailles. © Amusing Planet, 2020. On 1 March, Germany re-integrated the region into the German Reich, appointing Josef Bürckel as Reichskommissar für die Rückgliederung des Saarlandes, "Reich Commissioner for the reincorporation of the Saarland.". Glass and ceramic industries, the former at Sulzbach and St. Ingbert, and the latter at Mettlach and Merzich, are the next important employers of labour. France was empowered to build any railways or canals which she might deem necessary in order to link up the fields with France.