[349], Haitian art is distinctive, particularly through its paintings and sculptures. [111], Emboldened by the sudden retreat of the Haitian army, the Dominicans counter-attacked. Haiti's main export partner is the US 83.5% (est. [39], In French, Haiti's nickname is the "Pearl of the Antilles" (La Perle des Antilles) because of both its natural beauty,[40] and the amount of wealth it accumulated for the Kingdom of France; during the 18th century the colony was the world's leading producer of sugar and coffee. Many Haitians as well as observers of the Haitian society believe that this monopolized power could have given way to a corrupt police force. [20][130] The debts were still outstanding, though less due to increased prosperity, and the U.S. financial advisor-general receiver handled the budget until 1941. 1 (National Highway One), originates in Port-au-Prince, winding through the coastal towns of Montrouis and Gonaïves, before reaching its terminus at the northern port Cap-Haïtien. [161][162] General Prosper Avril subsequently led a military regime until March 1990. Since the end of the Duvalier era Haiti has been transitioning to a democratic system.[20].

[20] Also in this valley lies Haiti's second largest lake, Lac de Péligre, formed as a result of the construction of the Péligre Dam in the mid-1950s.

[255], In confined living spaces for 22–23 hours a day, inmates are not provided with latrines and are forced to defecate into plastic bags and leave them outside their cells. In the daily bustle of the classroom, teachers can't hit pause to evaluate the effectiveness of every decision they make.

[59] Tensions between these two groups led to conflict, as a militia of free-coloreds was set up in 1790 by Vincent Ogé, resulting in his capture, torture and execution. [301], The park is part of a "master plan" for Haiti's North and North-East departments, including the expansion of the Cap-Haïtien International Airport to accommodate large international flights, the construction of an international Seaport in Fort-Liberté and the opening of the $50 million Roi Henri Christophe Campus of a new university in Limonade (near Cap-Haïtien) on 12 January 2012. [96] Pétion's republic was less absolutist, and he initiated a series of land reforms which benefited the peasant class. The January 2010 earthquake, was a major setback for education reform in Haiti as it diverted limited resources to survival. [237] Similarly, after the Haitian Army folded in 1995, the Haitian National Police (HNP) gained sole power of authority on the Haitian citizens. The 2017 CIA Factbook reported that around 54.7% of Haitians profess to being Catholics while Protestants made up about 28.5% of the population (Baptist 15.4%, Pentecostal 7.9%, Seventh-day Adventist 3%, Methodist 1.5%, other 0.7%). [314][315] Haitians of East Asian descent or East Indian origin number approximately more than 400. [361] The buildings were among the first built after Haiti's independence from France.

[131][20], The U.S. Marines were instilled with a special brand of paternalism towards Haitians "expressed in the metaphor of a father's relationship with his children.

Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS),[29] Association of Caribbean States,[30] and the International Francophonie Organisation.

[261], Haiti received more than US$4 billion in aid from 1990 to 2003, including US$1.5 billion from the United States. 2015). [328] As a result, the elite class today consists of a small group of influential people who are generally light in color and continue to establish themselves in high, prestigious positions. [387] Ninety percent of Haiti's children suffer from waterborne diseases and intestinal parasites.

[64], Political leaders in the United States, which was a new republic itself, reacted with ambivalence, at times providing aid to enable planters to put down the revolt.
The state of Illinois and city of Chicago declared du Sable the founder of Chicago on 26 October 1968. [176][177] These charges were denied by the US government. [58] In the north of the island, slaves were able to retain many ties to African cultures, religion and language; these ties were continually being renewed by newly imported Africans.

[217], Haiti's forests covered 60% of the country as recently as 50 years ago, but that has been halved to a current estimate of 30% tree cover, according to more recent environmental analysis. Port-au-Prince receives an average annual rainfall of 1,370 mm (53.9 in). French is the principal written and administratively authorized language (as well as the main language of the press) and is spoken by 42% of Haitians. Numerous leaders throughout Haiti's history have been mulattoes. ", "Biographies: François Duvalier (1907–1971)". It's hard to imagine a PBL classroom where those factors are not present. The name Haiti (or Hayti) comes from the indigenous Taíno language which was the native name[note 2] given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean, "land of high mountains.
When John Hattie released his 2009 book Visible Learning, he sparked an enormous amount of interest, debate and controversy. [168][20] In November 1994, Hurricane Gordon brushed Haiti, dumping heavy rain and creating flash flooding that triggered mudslides.

[20] The Haitian forces, unprepared for a significant uprising, capitulated to the rebels, effectively ending Haitian rule of eastern Hispaniola. [216], The soil erosion released from the upper catchments and deforestation have caused periodic and severe flooding in Haiti, as experienced, for example, on 17 September 2004. On 6 April, Azua fell to the 18,000-strong Haitian army, with a 5,000-man Dominican counterattack failing to oust them. [303][304], Haiti has two main highways that run from one end of the country to the other.

Due to the religious syncretism between Catholicism and Vodou, it is difficult to estimate the number of Vodouists in Haiti. But all effects are not equal. Share your thoughts in the comments here, too. Carnival week is traditionally a time of all-night parties.

According to CIA 2015 World Factbook, Haiti's literacy rate is now 60.7% (est. Haitian footballer Joe Gaetjens played for the United States national team in the 1950 FIFA World Cup, scoring the winning goal in the 1–0 upset of England. Haiti faces key challenges in the water supply and sanitation Although the amount of the reparations was reduced to 90 million in 1838, by 1900 80% of the country's gross domestic product was being spent on debt repayment[107][108] and the country did not finish repaying it until 1947. [55] According to the 1788 Census, Haiti's population consisted of nearly 25,000 Europeans, 22,000 free coloreds and 700,000 African slaves. ", "The United States and the Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804", "From Saint-Domingue to Louisiana, The African-American Migration Experience", "News about Haiti, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times", "Haiti's Citadelle Described As 8th Wonder of the World", "Teaching the Haitian Revolution: Its Place in Western and Modern World History", "La Reconquista: Batalla de Palo Hincado (La Reconquista: Battle of Palo Hincado) (In Spanish)", "An apparent contradiction? [20][223] The prime minister of Haiti acts as head of government and is appointed by the president, chosen from the majority party in the National Assembly. [42], In Taíno society the largest unit of political organisation was led by a cacique, or chief, as the Europeans understood them. Mergendoller, eager for this conversation to be inclusive, invites comments from around the globe.

The houses have backup generators, because the electrical grid in Haiti is unreliable. [394][395], This article is about the country.


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