If the troops split from the main force was significant, for instance 10,000 or more, these would be handed over to a significant or second-in-command leader, while the main leader concentrated on the front line. Under the rule of Genghis Khan the Mongol army took a much more structure and unified shape. The Mongol military tactics and organization enabled Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire to conquer nearly all of continental Asia, the Middle East and parts of eastern Europe. The key to the strength of the Mongolian bow was its laminate construction, with layers of boiled horn and sinew to augment the wood. They were heelless, though, the soles were thick and lined with fur. The mobility of individual soldiers made it possible to send them on successful scouting missions, gathering intelligence about routes and searching for terrain suited to the preferred combat tactics of the Mongols. The often complex and intricate Mongol army had a multitude of rankings, all focused on managing an ever increasing group of warriors. As this tactic became better known to the enemy, the Mongols would extend their feigned retreats for days or weeks, to falsely convince the chasers that they were defeated, only to charge back once the enemy again had its guard down or withdrew to join its main formation. The Mongol bow could shoot an arrow over 500 metres (1,600 ft). Of course this was not the final size of the Mongol army at its peak, but many of these Tumens would combine to form an Ordu a group of Tumens in unison providing up to 100,000 Mongol warriors, a truly fearsome thought. With the Great Khan ruling over, the Ilkhan would be tasked with regional management and the rest flowing down. At Legnica, the few Teutonic, Templar and Hospitaller knights who were able to make a stand dismounted, and did not rout as quickly. Drawing of Mongols outside Vladimir presumably demanding submission before its sacking. These "living boards" or "human shields" would often take the brunt of enemy arrows and crossbow bolts, thus leaving the Mongol warriors safer. With the Great Khan ruling over, the Ilkhan would be tasked with regional management and the rest flowing down. A Arban-u Darga was in charge of an Arbatu a unit of 10 nokud. It is obvious that the Mongols were serious about their military and warfare. It is tasked with protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the Mongolian state. Mongol light cavalry were extremely light troops compared to contemporary standards, allowing them to execute tactics and maneuvers that would have been impractical for a heavier enemy (such as European knights). But while the empire became divided around the same time, its combined size and influence remained largely intact for more than another hundred years. It is obvious that the Mongols were serious about their military and warfare. They could survive a whole month only by drinking mare's milk combined with mare's blood. This the largest Mongol unit would be lead by an experienced Tumetu-iin Noyan. The Mongolian Armed Forces (Mongolian: Монгол улсын зэвсэгт хүчин, Mongol ulsyn zevsegt hüchin) is the collective name for the Mongolian military and the joint forces that comprise it. Helmet and costume of the Mongol Yuan warrior during the Mongol invasion of Japan. Joining the Kheshig was thought to be one of the highest honours to any Mongol warrior, and would often lead to greater things. Officers and troopers alike were usually given a wide leeway by their superiors in carrying out their orders, so long as the larger objectives of the plan were well served and the orders promptly obeyed. Many of the Kheshig would be promoted to control large units, provinces and even regions in the Mongol army. Other techniques used commonly by the Mongols were completely psychological and were used to entice/lure enemies into vulnerable positions by showing themselves from a hill or some other predetermined locations, then disappearing into the woods or behind hills while the Mongols' flank troops already strategically positioned would appear as if out of nowhere from the left, right and/or from their rear. Mongol archers used a wide variety of arrows, depending on the target and distance. The first three lines would be composed of horse archers, the last two of lancers. [6] Sometimes the soldier's heavy coat was simply reinforced with metal plates. The bows’ range was unmatched at the time for force and accuracy, and the archers could shoot in any direction, even behind. The Mongols very commonly practiced the feigned retreat, perhaps the most difficult battlefield tactic to execute. The leader of the Mongols would generally issue the tactics used to attack the enemy. A commonly used tactic was the use of what was called the "kharash". Lamellar armor was worn over the thick coat.

Medieval History: Mongol Invasion of Europe at http://historymedren.about.com/library/prm/bl1mongolinvasion.htm, "Mongol Army" redirects here. In case of war situation Border Troops, Internal Troops and National Emergency Management Agencywill b… During the initial states of battlefield contact, while camping in close proximity of their enemies at night, they would feign numerical superiority by ordering each soldier to light at least five fires, which would appear to the enemy scouts and spies that their force was almost five times larger than it actually was. The leather was first softened by boiling and then coated in a crude lacquer made from pitch, which rendered it waterproof. The basic costume of the Mongol fighting man consisted of a heavy coat fastened at the waist by a leather belt. A Tumetu-iin Noyan was in charge of a Tumen, a unit of 10,000 nokud. Horse armor was divided into five parts and designed to protect every part of the horse, including the forehead, which had a specially crafted plate which was tied on each side of the neck.[5]. 98 units known as minghan or ‘thousands’ were created (and then later expanded) which were tribal unit… Technology was one of the important facets of Mongolian warfare. This command structure proved to be highly flexible and allowed the Mongol army to attack en masse, divide into somewhat smaller groups to encircle and lead enemies into an ambush, or divide into small groups of 10 to mop up a fleeing and broken army. Mongol cavalry archery from Rashid-al-Din Hamadani's Universal History using the Mongol bow.

Borts is light and easy to transport, and can be cooked with water similarly to a modern "instant soup". Some tactics involved diverting rivers from the city/town[citation needed], closing supplies to the city and waiting for its inhabitants to surrender, gathering civilians from the nearby areas to fill the front line for the city/town attack before scaling the wall, and pillaging the surrounding area and killing some of the people, then letting some survivors flee to the main city to report their losses to the main populace to weaken resistance, simultaneously draining the resources of the city with the sudden influx of refugees.


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