.". Before the new uniformity imposed by John Paul II, each cardinal was given a ring, the central piece of which was a gem, usually a sapphire, with the pope's stemma engraved on the inside. The term cardinal is from the latin word "cardo" meaning a hinge. The maximum number of electors from the College of Cardinals is 120. He was 76, and many cardinals said they would not vote for someone older than 70. No it is not. This decision was laid out in the Apostolic Constitution “Universi Dominici Gregis” of 1996, in which John Paul II reinforced the decision of Pope Paul VI to forbid the vote of a cardinal of 80 years of age or more. The cardinal protodeacon is the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals. Their influence in the election of the Pope has been considered important, they are better informed and connected than the dislocated cardinals but their level of unity has been varied. Cardinals Walter Kasper (left) and Godfried Danneels (right) wearing their choir dress: scarlet (red) cassock, white rochet trimmed with lace, scarlet mozetta, scarlet biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto), and pectoral cross on cord. On the last two occasions, the Pope named new cardinals soon after the number of electors fell below 120. When he died in 1899 he was the last surviving cardinal who was not at least ordained a priest. Pope Francis (left) embraces Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI as he arrives at the Castel Gandolfo summer residence on March 23, 2013. examination of the ring of Cardinal O'Malley", "Elevated cardinals receive gold ring from the pope during Mass of Rings", Next Cardinal Creating Consistory by Pope Benedict XVI – The Required Background Data, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City, Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe, Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide, International Alliance of Catholic Knights, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)&oldid=983644753, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012, Articles needing additional references from July 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul, This page was last edited on 15 October 2020, at 12:17. In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. The Pope is the last absolute monarch in the world. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Doe". The college is currently composed of 199 cardinals. Occasionally, a cardinal wears a scarlet ferraiolo which is a cape worn over the shoulders, tied at the neck in a bow by narrow strips of cloth in the front, without any 'trim' or piping on it. A two-thirds-plus-one majority is required to elect a pope. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. [29] Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whichever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, a practice termed creati et reservati in pectore. The biretta of a cardinal is distinctive not merely for its scarlet color, but also for the fact that it does not have a pompon or tassel on the top as do the birettas of other prelates. They may on such elevation take a vacant "title" (a church allotted to a cardinal priest as the church in Rome with which he is associated) or their diaconal church may be temporarily elevated to a cardinal priest's "title" for that occasion. During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Two ballots each are held in the morning and afternoon, for a total of four per day. [18] They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. This meaning of the word spread rapidly, and from the 9th century various episcopal cities had a special class among the clergy known as cardinals. The Dean of the College of Cardinals, the highest ranking cardinal, was formerly the longest serving cardinal bishop, but since 1965 is elected by the Latin Church cardinal bishops from among their number, subject to papal approval. Their duties include participating in papal consistories, and conclaves when the Holy See is vacant. *Ceased to be protodeacon upon being raised to the order of cardinal-priest Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.

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