He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. A brief biography of Lord Nelson from the National Museum of the Royal Navy relates that: He alternately could be quite ruthless as well as notably kind. Nelson then went to France to learn the language. British naval hero Horatio Nelson — later 1st Viscount Nelson — who defeated the French at the battle of Trafalgar was born on this day in 1758.

Nelson first went to sea in 1770 in a ship commanded by his uncle, and passed for lieutenant on 9 April 1777.
Nelson was praised for his action rather than court-martialed as he feared. The Danes refused the British ultimatum, and Nelson was given the job of attacking the anchored Danish fleet and hulks in Copenhagen harbor. □. He married Frances Nisbet in 1787 in Nevis, and returned to England with his bride to spend the next five years on half-pay, frustrated at the lack of a command. When Britain entered the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793, Nelson was given command of the Agamemnon. Walder, David., Nelson, a biography, New York: Dial Press/J. Recalled to Britain in 1800, Nelson advanced—by seniority—to vice admiral and was appointed to the Baltic Fleet under Sir Hyde Parker (1739–1807). "Nelson, Horatio Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was an English sea captain in the Royal Navy.He was born at the rectory of the village of Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk. In the West Indies in 1778 he was taken up by Peter Parker, who took him into his flagship, gave him the brig Badger in 1778, and in 1779 appointed him to a post ship, the frigate Hinchinbrook. After the battle he received a knighthood and, due to seniority, promotion to rear admiral. (October 17, 2020). As dusk fell, his ships approached the French line from the west, splitting as they reached the anchored vessels so that they doubled up, one on each side of the enemy. Nelson's body was placed in a cask of brandy and carried home for burial in St. Paul's Cathedral, London. ." Horatio Nelson He is still regarded by most as Britain’s greatest naval hero. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Moreover, his habit of sharing his thoughts and intentions with his captains, and the great latitude and initiative that he allowed and encouraged among subordinates, greatly enhanced the effectiveness of his plans. Nicholas, N. H. In 1783 he unsuccessfully attacked the French garrison of Turk's Island in the Bahamas. ." In private life he was known for his extended love affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton, while both were married. George Brydges Rodney His task was to fight the Revolutionary French and support British allies in the Mediterranean. From this moment, Nelson the enthusiastic professional was gradually replaced by Nelson the commander of genius. Nelson then returned to Naples, which, having declared war on Napoleon, had been overcome by French troops and fifth columnists while Nelson was at Leghorn. Meanwhile, the returning French fleet had been met off Cape Finisterre by Sir Robert Calder. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. In a 34 year career he fought in over 14 battles before his death in 1805 at Trafalgar. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nelson-horatio, JOHN CANNON "Nelson, Horatio In 1798, Nelson, now a rear admiral, was given a fleet of fifteen ships and sent to destroy the French fleet supporting Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. ), The Letters and Despatches of Vice-Admiral Lord Nelson (7 vols., 1844–6); Oman, C. , Nelson (1947); Pocock, T. , Horatio Nelson (1987). [6], Scott, who remained by Nelson as he died, recorded his last words as 'God and my country'. By the spring of 1798 Nelson had recovered, and with a small force he entered the Mediterranean to investigate unusual French activity centered in Toulon. Retrieved October 17, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nelson-horatio-0.

Reading, Mass., 1994. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. Jervis, seeing Nelson's intention, ordered Cuthbert Collingwood to aid him. Sir Henry Clinton (c. 1738-1795) was commander in chief of the British armies during the crucial years of the Ame…, Horatio Hornblower: The Adventure Continues, Hordern, Marsden 1922- (Marsden Carr Hordern), https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/horatio-nelson, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nelson-horatio, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nelson-horatio-1, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nelson-horatio-0, French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars (1789–1815). In 1794 Lord (Samuel) Hood sent Nelson, in command of seamen and marines, to build and arm batteries about Another statement during his last hours was, "Thank God I have done my duty. Grenfell, Russell., Horatio Nelson: a short biography, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978. The attack on San Juan was militarily successful but ultimately disastrous when the British force was almost wiped out by yellow fever; Nelson himself was lucky to survive. The result was that Nelson and Collingwood hit the Spanish fleet and threw it into confusion, enabling the rest of Jervis's ships to come up and to achieve a victory. In 1800 he was permitted to return home because of ill health, and he traveled across Europe with the Hamiltons. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Now Nelson's careful training of his captains paid dividends when he discovered that the French were prepared only for attack from the sea. Horatio Nelson was born at Burnham Thorpe on Sept. 29, 1758. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Fought on 21 October 1805, the Battle of Trafalgar, in which a British fleet under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson defeate…, George Brydges Rodney He thus brought about stunning results with a minimum of direct command and control and was largely responsible for bringing about the British naval supremacy that lasted nearly a century. Nelson: A Personal History. Before the battle on 21 October 1805, Nelson sent out the famous signal to his fleet 'England expects that every man will do his duty'. Hoisting a signal that became immortal, "England expects every man to do his duty," Nelson led the northern column to cut off and hold the Allied van while Collingwood annihilated the center and rear. For these acts the grateful king of the Two Sicilies made him Duke of Bronte.

Howarth, David Armine, Lord Nelson: the immortal memory, New York: Viking, 1989, 1988.

In a brilliant tactical victory he won the battle but lost his life, struck down by a bullet from a sharpshooter in the rigging of the French Redoutable. Famous in his lifetime, among the public as well as the navy, Nelson remains an almost mythical hero even today. Nelson had his first taste of action in the Indian Ocean.

The foundations for Nelson's successes were his boundless imagination and limitless attention to detail. His first experiences of action came in the expedition to Nicaragua, where disease nearly killed him. ." Nelson was a beloved leader because he knew his officers and men. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history.

In 1780 Nelson took a convoy to America and the West Indies, but the Admiralty placed him on half pay the next year after the American Revolution ended. Warner, Oliver, A portrait of Lord Nelson, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England; New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Penguin Books in association with Chatto & Windus, 1987, 1958. Though his ships were badly battered and he had ignored an optional recall signal flown by Sir Hyde Parker, Nelson achieved a diplomatic success and was created a viscount. Upon the outbreak of war again in 1803, Nelson was dispatched to command the fleet in the Mediterranean. Hardy replied, "It is Hardy. In 1784 Nelson was given command of the Boreas and sent again to the West Indies. He was well known for his leadership skills, grasp of strategy, and unconventional tactics which brought about a number of decisive British naval victories and was exceptional even by the standards of his day. Following the battle, Nelson was knighted and promoted to rear admiral. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Twenty enemy ships were captured, and one was blown up. Earlier that same year, Nelson was promoted to vice-admiral. ." ." Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. "[1], Alternatively, he may have said both of these statements; "Kiss me, Hardy" and Hardy kissed him on the cheek. The English lost no ships. Without declaring war, the British struck at Copenhagen with Nelson leading the attack. More than this, Nelson ranks high as a leader of men not only for the bravery and dash he displayed at Cape Saint Vincent, but also for his coolness under fire, his joy in battle, and the humanity he displayed at Copenhagen. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. In 1350 European warfare was beginning the transition from the medieval style, in which the knight or heavily armored cava…, Oliver Hazard Perry Indianapolis, Ind., 1929. Finally catching the French near the mouth of the Nile, he aggressively attacked their squadron of warships in Aboukir Bay. But when England entered the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793, Nelson was given command of the Agamemnon and sent to the Mediterranean Sea.


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