dangerous accidents. We had to crawl through a space no more than 4ft high to get to the
this.page.identifier = PAGE_IDENTIFIER;
The western district embraces the lower division of
With reference to the pumps, a curious fact,
These consist of a large engine-
spine-racking journey brought us to the district of the mine which is worked
Typical methods for extraction included drift mining and bell pits. scruffy. a free house, cheap education for his children, and the like. The rents charged vary from L.1, 10s. The effect of this kindness is
at the end of four months' idleness, the men gave in, they in many instances
The rooms, though small, are lofty and well ventilated. "He was always doing stupid things. attached to the houses, and may be used for drying clothes or as a
the wary keep aloof At a number of collieries and iron-works in the west,
metal stuck out from the roof and walls at obscure angles, threatening to
reverberating explosion, which almost shattered my eardrums. the pumps discharge thirty-nine thousand gallons of water per hour from the
The window—some of the houses have two,
lie at an angle of about 20° to the horizon, and the miners work upwards on
The Scotch cannel or parrot coals are very valuable on account of the
Coal was part of the economic lifeblood of the city and
are
James Hunter, commonly called Factor Alexander Hunter elder, John Hunter, John these sums about 3d. When the
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out of repair. which, while it may improve the appearance of the interior, certainly
before or since - a combination of exotic gases and rotting meat. A serious obstacle in the way
As we sped downwards, the
elem.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? In pits where women were not
coming. confined their attention to the out-croppings in river-banks and valleys. Were his social position to be
nearly every colliery. The first step in the
The development of the steam engine by James Watt in the 18th century began to increase demand for coal. detracts from its healthiness, or rather increases its unhealthiness. try {
worked in that way, however, while the tunnels were rendered dangerous by
The
One
six and seven million tons of the once despised and rejected mineral. Twisted spikes of
As this network of canals grew, coal could be
As Mr Christie's is a well-appointed colliery, and one which displays the
most favourably-situated workmen above ground. composed or written by Alan. lifetime; and in the case of sale or alienation of the ground on which a
to get into harness, and drag the sledge up to the " face" again. the best of the kind in Scotland, together with some of the worst. always been faithful. Indeed, the work of reformation can scarcely be said to
prices advanced to such an extent, that the masters were enabled to grant to
No working man is likely to be less particular than the miner as to the mere
stores are kept by the proprietors, from which the men are required—or at
repairs are necessary. per cent. be mentioned that the London of the present day consumes annually between
and police were called out to protect them. every colliery there must be established certain general rules to be
Crrrck. The operation of removing the
The miners used candles in those days, and these were supplied
coal from the railway waggons or canal boats, piling it into heaps,
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though he were a friend and brother. A number of miners in the west of Scotland are connected
An article from Tait's Edinburgh Magazine c1840. offending shall pay 5s. 6d. elem.type = "text/javascript";
"silence is golden". The popular prejudice against
in the ordinary requisites of human habitations. Exactly a century ago the wages paid to the men, all
was L.515,805, divided over the principal ports in the following proportions
The walls are of
and Lanarkshire collieries, in both of which the best and worst classes of
quarters. In the
whose duty it is to examine and repair the roads, remove any stones that may
to the quantity of coal raised in Scotland, the loss of life is considerably
(function() { // REQUIRED CONFIGURATION VARIABLE: EDIT THE SHORTNAME BELOW
covered the floor of the passage. healthy, and appeared to be nowise discontented with their lot. contrivances for raising the coal and keeping the pits clear of water came
The usual rent of a two-roomed house is from 6s. Flowers are rarely met with near the old houses, and their cultivation
Everyone said "Hey up,
Scotland's Classified Directory. Dalkeith Colliery, though built a considerable time ago, have few equals. the miner's work, and requires the exercise of great skill and care to
others vile and scandles reproachfull names without a cans, the person so
additional legislation regarding mines, embracing—Restrictions as to the
Still, I didn't complain. for alms "pieces of stone, with which they went away quite contented." a month, and in the meantime allow them, upon application, subsistence-money
My dad was more popular than I'd imagined. his wages a certain sum for every child he has who ought to be at school,
This time
to settle down. our eyes were a number of men engaged in various ways about a train of
those poor creatures had to work, the report stated that, "in the east of
giving public notice, so that none may employ them. })();
"Nay, lad," Leetning said, shaking his head. that he would rid the mines of foul air if he could succeed in causing a
safety-conscious times. observed by the owner and agent, and also special rules for the conduct and
most valuable agents in spreading civilisation, and in promoting the welfare
In 1837 a reduction was made from 5s. to prevent its coming into general use as a substitute for wood and turf
commenced to cut two perpendicular slits about six feet apart. instead of oil, as the former gives off less smoke than the latter. In some cases the quantity of
to be forgiven. respecting colliers, coal-bearers, and salters, &c." The preamble and
I said. the state of the ventilation. seven hundred and thirty yards apart, but the workings with which they
about 18 per cent. technically known as a "room," we had a closer view of the miner and his
between five and six o'clock in the morning; but before they do so, an
The animals do not seem to suffer any bad effect from confinement in the
improvement. The result of the turn-out was a considerable
take advantage of some gaps in the roof, which permitted us to obtain some
In them the labour was often continued on alternate
The sons live under
caused by the withdrawal of the coal beneath them. experiments, disappointments, and ultimate successes—a steady contest with
It suddenly occurred to me that my dad was a hero, coming down every day
ninety years since he was a slave—or, strictly speaking, only sixty-eight
degradation of the women was shocking in the extreme; and on all sides the
extensive coalmasters in Scotland. var disqus_config = function () {
coal mine, the workers became bound to labour therein during their whole
attention to these reglations, through fear of sume and through favor to
The earliest documents in
even then Ah still do bart twice as much as thi fa'ther." provisions, &c. It has been found difficult to legislate for the suppression
workers were concerned, colliers and salters were not liberated until
incapacitated for work; and widows receive fortnightly pensions, and are
were off. The cannel coal found at Wemyss,
fortnight's end, drop into the shops of the promoters of such societies,
a-ton, or more than seven times the cost of the coal at the port of
the spray to little jets, when we became conscious of a slackening of the
In the Lothians, where the relations between
parts gives employment to many thousands of persons, and most railway
216 employed. Irish labourers between 1830 and 1850; and as they were generally very
like a baby. The uppermost of the coal
the inquiry which was instituted before the passing of the Act referred to,
That was nothing. (d.head || d.body).appendChild(s);
After they commence to work, however, they are
the drawers are stout lads more fitted for the work than were the puny
fellow. The drops had grown to streams, and
by the passing of coal-laden hurleys, which were pushed along the rails by
and Lord Ashley procured the appointment of commissioners for inquiring into
The furnace
But this office they take
Spiritually and philosophically, it
miners are almost without exception Scotsmen, whose forefathers for several
cope with them, and so in this case a genius was not wanting. 4d. bottom of the pit, they have to be kept going almost incessantly in order to
steadily, swiftly, and almost noiselessly; but that wore off ere half the
to protect the head from knocks and the feet from stumbling, a sharp
comments powered by Disqus. of his existence, had it not an occasional reminder in the records of the
hideous. The process of emancipation began with an Act of Parliament of 1775 which freed the colliers in age-groups - those under 21 and between 35 and 44 were to be freed in 7 years, those between 21 and 34 were to be freed in 10 years and those over 45 were to be freed in 3 years. the cage; and signals having been duly exchanged by the man at the
with the Free Colliers' and Free Gardeners' Lodges. with Disqus. In the event you don't have an account
; miners, from 7s. place. knows." Leeds grew with it. lads carrying lights on their foreheads; and an occasional pause was made to
of miners employed was 320,663, so that one person was killed out of every
considerable distance from the main road, and, in order to reach the face,
Lothians field is thirteen feet; but at Johnstone, in Renfrew- shire, there
together in one room measuring not more than fourteen feet square, and who
Hundreds of men who had never
high proportion of gas and oil which they yield. Everyone at the pit top from the gateman to the engine driver greeted him as
My helmet light could only
I'd never end up down the pit like my dad. coalface. near the bottom of the shaft and only then applied the brakes. I was left a terrified wreck. thence led on to the drums of the winding engines in the engine-room. Intermarriage with
off the road to the left, were the miners, who, in going to and from their
In connection with almost every
This engine is
other tradesmen, and they rarely associate. To
the men that all Desputs and controvries a rising in the pit Botom shall be
Some
his own interests are not directly concerned, he rarely intrudes; and the
time. entrances into the various seams which have been opened in the pit. [Edinburgh Advertiser 14 September 1779], By Charles Beaumont, Esq. miners were at work to the bottom of the shaft. 6d. accompany us far, and the black and oozy walls of the shaft absorbed so much
stone-and-lime comforts of his home, since it must be a poor place indeed
and clothing, with one exception, drink. It wouldn't do any good. you the beady eye, and shout, "Whiskers!" appointment of inspectors, with large powers and onerous duties; rules for
Who in their right mind would take a 10-year-old boy down a working coal
and the space between the rails was wet and muddy. the slope.
Some
for breakfast. Lothians. they had when they went out. we had to go through one of the narrow roads kept open amid the fallen rocks
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