Pretoria, Gauteng, Stellenbosch University Experiential Education Conference We may not hear about it because it’s not in the interviewee’s or employee’s interest to point it out after the fact, or he or she may not even realize it at the time. The possible impact must be great, immediate and irreparable. For example, only those holding a secret or top secret clearance, and the critical nuclear weapon design information designation, are allowed to access information related to many aspects of the operation and design of nuclear weapons. Although the classification systems vary from country to country, most have levels corresponding to the following British definitions (from the highest level to lowest). It is common for written documents to contain information that is classified at different levels, including unclassified information. Login . [35], When a government agency acquires classified information through covert means, or designates a program as classified, the agency asserts "ownership" of that information and considers any public availability of it to be a violation of their ownership — even if the same information was acquired independently through "parallel reporting" by the press or others. It is sometimes more difficult to remember, however, whether specific things heard or learned about in meetings or oral briefings are classified. Symposium: The Scientific and Social Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic, Invitation : 26th UP Expert Lecture : Canwildlife biosurveillance prevent future pandemics? Classification formalises what constitutes a "state secret" and accords different levels of protection based on the expected damage the information might cause in the wrong hands. Once a year, ministers have an inventory of classified information and supports by competent authorities. This is often used for the most highly sensitive information. In practice, when people leave the government they often engage in media interviews, write books and have casual conversations. Other activities, such as mergers and financial report preparation generally involve similar restrictions. However, the president has ultimate declassification authority and may declassify anything at any time. Documents are marked indicating classification levels. These designations are used in addition to level markings (Confidential, Secret and Top Secret). This page was last edited on 14 October 2020, at 14:52. Material that a government body claims is sensitive information that requires protection of confidentiality, integrity, or availability, "Top Secret" redirects here. The levels are. Classified information can be designated Top Secret, Secret or Confidential. There are several other designators that also indicate restricted access. The State Department uses the phrase “sensitive but unclassified,” while the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security use “for official use only.” These markers are often seen in the headers and footers of documents just like classified designations. Procedures for declassification of materials are complicated. Many are are rather mundane. The Conversation is funded by the National Research Foundation, eight universities, including the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Rhodes University, Stellenbosch University and the Universities of Cape Town, Johannesburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pretoria, and South Africa. In foreign countries, the document must be transferred through specialised military mail or diplomatic bag. Copyright © 2010–2020, The Conversation Africa, Inc. David Boren of Oklahoma, right, talks to reporters on Capitol Hill in 1991. Restricted material would cause "undesirable effects" if publicly available.


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